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| Introduction | The FGFs are a family of more than 20 small (~17–26 kDa) secreted peptides. The initial characterization of these proteins focused on their ability to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. This mitogenic activity was mediated throµgh FGF receptors (FGFRs) 1, 2, or 3. A fourth closely related tyrosine kinase receptor (FGFR4) was able to bind the FGFs but did not lead to a mitogenic response.FGFs modulate cellular activity via at least 5 distinct subfamilies of high-affinity FGF receptors (FGFRs): FGFR-1, -2, -3, and -4, all with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and, except for FGFR-4, multiple splice isoforms, and FGFR-5, which lacks an intracellular kinase domain. There is growing evidence that FGFRs can be important for regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. The overexpression of a dominant negative form of FGFR-1 in ? cells leads to diabetes in mice, which thus implies that proper FGF signaling is required for normal ? cell function and glycemia maintenance. FGFR-2 appears to be a key molecule during pancreatic development. Moreover, FGFR-4 has been implicated in cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis.FGF-19, has been shown to cause resistance to diet-induced obesity and insulin desensitization and to improve insulin, glucose, and lipid profiles in diabetic rodents. Since these effects, at least in part, are mediated throµgh the observed changes in metabolic rates, FGF-19 can be considered as a regulator of energy expenditure.FGF-21 is preferentially expressed in liver, but an exact knowledge of FGF-21 bioactivity and its mode of action have been lacking to date. FGF-21 is a potent activator of glucose uptake on adipocytes, protects animals from diet-induced obesity when overexpressed in transgenic mice, and lowers blood glucose and triglyceride levels when therapeutically administered to diabetic rodents. |
| Synonyms | Fibroblast growth factor 21, FGF-21. |
| Source | Escherichia Coli. |
| Physical Appearance | Sterile Filtered colorless clear solution. |
| Formulation | The FGF-21 His tag protein solution in 20mM Tris-HCL buffer pH-8 and 10% glycerol. |
| Stability | Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks. Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time. Please avoid freeze thaw cycles. |
| Amino Acid Sequence | MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MHPIPDSSPL LQFGGQVRQR YLYTDDAQQT EAHLEIREDG TVGGAADQSP ESLLQLKALK PGVIQILGVKTSRFLCQRPD GALYGSLHFD PEACSFRELL LEDGYNVYQS EAHGLPLHLP GNKSPHRDPA PRGPARFLPL PGLPPAPPEP PGILAPQPPD VGSSDPLSMV GPSQGRSPSY AS. |
| Purity | Greater than 90.0% as determined by SDS-PAGE. |
| Biological Activity | Measured in a cell proliferation assay using NIH-3T3 cells. The ED50 for this effect is < 12ng/ml, which corresponds to > 83,000 units/ml. |
| Usage | NeoScientific's products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. They may not be used as drµgs,agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals. |
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