CCL4-Polyclonal Antibodies

Chemokines are members of a superfamily of small inducible, secreted, pro-inflammatory cytokines. Members of the chemokine family exhibit 20 to 50% homology in their predicted amino acid sequences and are divided into four subfamilies. In C-C (or b) subfamily, the first two cysteines are adjacent. C-C chemokines are chemoattractants and activators for monocytes and T cells. C-C subfamily members include macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1å, MIP-1∫, MIP-2, MIP-3å, MIP-3∫, MIP-4, HCC-1, MIP-5 (or HCC-2), RANTES, MCP-1/2/3 (and the murine homologs JE and MARC), I-309, murine C10 and TCA3. Research has shown that MIP-1∫ is more selective than MIP-1å, primarily attracting CD4+ T lymphocytes, with a preference for T cells of the naive phenotype. MIP-1å is a more potent lymphocyte chemoattractant than MIP-1∫ and exhibits a broader range of chemoattractant specificities. It has been suggested that CD8+ T lymphocytes are involved in the control of HIV infection in vivo by the release of HIV-suppressive factors (HIV-SF). MIP-1å has been identified as one of the major HIV-SFs produced by CD8+ T cells, along with MIP-1∫ and RANTES. Recombinant human MIP-1å acts as an inhibitor of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV infection in a dose-dependent manner.

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